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The SAML specification defines three roles: the user, the identity provider (IdP), and the service provider (SP). In a typical scenario, the user requests access to a service. The service provider requests an assertion from the identity provider and, based on that assertion, makes a decision about whether to provide access to the user.
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SAML dates from 2001 and the current 2.0 version was adopted as a standard in 2005. The OASIS Security Services Technical Committee met in January 2001 to begin developing an XML framework for exchanging authentication and authorization information.
The InCommon Federation was formed in 2004, the year before the SAML V2.0 standard was ratified. The standard allowed the InCommon community to flourish, enabling the exchange of access information among millions of individuals in higher education and beyond.
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